Compound Monograph
Cathinone
Cathinone is the principal stimulant alkaloid of fresh khat leaves, structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine.
Where Does It Come From? (1)
Cathinone is a naturally occurring phenethylamine alkaloid (amphetamine class), found in Khat. It is flagged as moderately toxic.
Research & Evidence
Cathinone is the main psychoactive alkaloid responsible for the stimulant effect of fresh khat (Catha edulis). It is the ketone analogue of amphetamine and works in a broadly similar way, promoting the release of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline. Cathinone is chemically unstable and breaks down as the harvested leaves wilt, which is why khat is traditionally consumed fresh and why its potency declines with time. The compound is also the structural parent of the synthetic “cathinone” designer stimulants.
Toxicity & Safety
As an amphetamine-like stimulant, cathinone can raise heart rate and blood pressure, suppress appetite, and produce euphoria, agitation and insomnia, with potential for dependence and cardiovascular strain with heavy use. It is a controlled substance internationally and is listed as Schedule I in the United States.