Compound Monograph
Gramine
Gramine is a simple indole alkaloid found in several grasses and reeds, where it acts as a natural feeding deterrent.
Classification
Gramine is an indole alkaloid, part of the alkaloids class. Nitrogen-containing, often bitter and physiologically potent compounds — the group behind many of the strongest plant medicines and poisons.
Where Does It Come From? (4)
Gramine is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, found in Reed canary grass, Giant reed, Barley seedlings and 1 other source. It is flagged as toxic.
Research & Evidence
Gramine is a simple indole alkaloid produced by a number of grasses and reeds, including reed canary grass and giant reed, where it is thought to serve as a chemical defence against grazing animals and insects. It is sometimes encountered in discussions of psychoactive plant chemistry because it co-occurs with tryptamine alkaloids in certain Phalaris and Arundo species, but gramine itself is not regarded as a desirable psychoactive compound.
Toxicity & Safety
Gramine is toxic and can be irritant and cardioactive; it is one of the constituents implicated in livestock poisoning from Phalaris grasses. It is not used recreationally and is best regarded as an unwanted contaminant in plant material.