Compound Monograph
Hederagenin
A triterpenoid that serves as the aglycone of many plant saponins, notably those of ivy.
Classification
Hederagenin is a triterpenoid (saponin aglycone), part of the terpenoids class. The largest class of plant compounds, built from five-carbon isoprene units — the essential-oil aromatics, resins, bitter principles, saponins, and plant sterols.
Where Does It Come From? (4)
Hederagenin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid (saponin aglycone), found in Ivy, Shrubby bushclover and 2 other sources. It is flagged as moderately toxic.
Research & Evidence
Hederagenin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that forms the aglycone (sugar-free core) of a large number of plant saponins, including the hederasaponins of ivy from which it takes its name. As the backbone of these saponins it is studied for the surfactant and expectorant properties associated with ivy preparations, and it shows a range of activities in laboratory assays. The intact saponins, rather than the free aglycone, are usually the form present in the plant.
Toxicity & Safety
Saponins based on hederagenin can irritate mucous membranes and the gut, which contributes both to their expectorant action and to gastrointestinal upset when ivy preparations are taken in excess. The isolated aglycone is biologically active and is best regarded as a potent natural-product scaffold rather than an inert constituent.