Compound Monograph
Safrole
Safrole is a naturally occurring phenylpropanoid and the characteristic aroma compound of sassafras, classed as a carcinogen.
Classification
Safrole is a phenylpropanoid (methylenedioxy-substituted), part of the phenolics class. Antioxidant compounds built around one or more phenol rings — the flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, coumarins, and pigments behind much of a plant's protective chemistry.
Where Does It Come From? (4)
Safrole is a naturally occurring phenylpropanoid (methylenedioxy-substituted), found in Nutmeg, Sassafras, Star anise and 1 other source. It is flagged as toxic and a known carcinogen.
Research & Evidence
Safrole is a naturally occurring oil found in sassafras and, in smaller amounts, in nutmeg, star anise and other spices. It is the main constituent of sassafras oil and was historically used as a flavouring and fragrance. It is also the principal precursor used in the illicit synthesis of MDMA, which is the main reason it is regulated.
Toxicity & Safety
Safrole is a recognised hepatocarcinogen in animal studies and is banned as a food additive in many countries, including the United States. Its use as a flavouring agent has been prohibited on that basis, and exposure is best avoided.