Oleocanthal

Oleocanthal at a Glance

Oleocanthal is the dialdehyde secoiridoid of fresh extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) — a minor phenolic that carries an outsized reputation. It is famous for two linked things: the peppery sting in the throat you feel from a robust, freshly pressed olive oil, and an ibuprofen-like inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes first reported in Nature ^{1Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →}.

That combination is how it was found. The throat burn of newly pressed EVOO is uncannily like the sting of a liquid ibuprofen solution, and chasing that resemblance led to the discovery that oleocanthal shares ibuprofen’s core pharmacology — dose-dependent inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 — despite being an entirely different-looking molecule ^{1Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →}. Its name records both halves of the story: oleo (olive) + canth (sting) + al (aldehyde). The sting itself is a receptor event, an activation of TRPA1 in the throat ^{2Reference 2Peyrot des Gachons C et al. · 2011Unusual pungency from extra-virgin olive oil is attributable to restricted spatial expression of the receptor of oleocanthalView study →}.

The honest posture is that the anti-inflammatory mechanism is real but the therapeutic case is mostly preclinical. Oleocanthal’s anticancer and Alzheimer’s-related leads come from cells and animals, not people; the only human evidence is for the oil, not the isolate; and even a generous daily intake of EVOO delivers a modest amount of the compound. As a constituent of a staple food eaten for millennia, it carries a low-toxicity profile.

The Ibuprofen Connection

This is the section that made oleocanthal famous, and it deserves to be stated precisely. In the 2005 Nature report, oleocanthal from newly pressed EVOO was shown to act as a natural anti-inflammatory with a potency and profile strikingly similar to ibuprofen — a dose-dependent, non-selective inhibitor of both COX-1 and COX-2, without touching lipoxygenase, even though the two molecules are structurally dissimilar ^{1Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →}. The follow-up total synthesis confirmed that the active, naturally occurring form is the (-)-enantiomer, a genuinely potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent ^{5Reference 5Smith AB 3rd et al. · 2005Synthesis and assignment of absolute configuration of (-)-oleocanthal: a potent, naturally occurring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent derived from extra virgin olive oilsView study →}.

The framing that keeps this honest is dose. The same Nature work calculated that roughly 50 g of olive oil per day supplies up to ~9 mg of oleocanthal, an inhibitory potency in the region of 10% of the adult ibuprofen dose used for pain relief ^{1Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →}. That is not an analgesic dose — you cannot treat a headache with olive oil. What it plausibly is, is a low, chronic, dietary anti-inflammatory exposure of the kind invoked to help explain the Mediterranean diet’s association with lower rates of inflammatory disease ^{1,9Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →Reference 9Parkinson L · 2014ReviewOleocanthal, a phenolic derived from virgin olive oil: a review of the beneficial effects on inflammatory diseaseView study →}.

One important caveat comes from the one human trial. When oleocanthal-rich EVOO acutely reduced platelet aggregation in healthy men, the platelet effect tracked oleocanthal intake but was not explained by COX blockade — total phenolic intake, not the COX mechanism, correlated with eicosanoid suppression ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}. So the ibuprofen analogy is solid for the enzyme but should not be over-extended to every downstream effect.

The Throat Sting (TRPA1)

The pungency is not a metaphor — it is a specific, locatable pharmacology, and it is compound-diagnostic. Oleocanthal is a TRPA1 agonist, and the reason the burn is felt almost entirely in the throat rather than across the whole mouth is that the relevant TRPA1-expressing sensory cells have a restricted spatial expression in the pharynx ^{2Reference 2Peyrot des Gachons C et al. · 2011Unusual pungency from extra-virgin olive oil is attributable to restricted spatial expression of the receptor of oleocanthalView study →}. This is why a strong EVOO produces a distinctive one-sided, back-of-the-throat catch — often enough to make a taster cough — rather than a tongue-wide heat like chilli.

Sensory work formalised this: the irritant character of oleocanthal is perceived predominantly in the throat, and its intensity rises with concentration, making the sting a usable marker of the compound’s presence ^{3Reference 3Cicerale S et al. · 2009Sensory characterization of the irritant properties of oleocanthal, a natural anti-inflammatory agent in extra virgin olive oilsView study →}. Historically, this pungency was the thread that unravelled the whole story — before the molecule was named, the deacetoxy-ligstroside aglycon (its dialdehyde form) had already been fingered as the key contributor to virgin olive oil’s throat-catching pungency ^{4Reference 4Andrewes P et al. · 2003Sensory properties of virgin olive oil polyphenols: identification of deacetoxy-ligstroside aglycon as a key contributor to pungencyView study →}. In practice, the sting is the single most reliable cue that an olive oil is fresh, robust and phenol-rich: it is the compound announcing itself.

Oleocanthal & Oleacein

Oleocanthal has a close chemical sibling, oleacein, and the pair are best understood together. Both are dialdehydic secoiridoids liberated from the olive’s glycosides. Oleocanthal is the dialdehyde of ligstroside aglycone (built on the simple phenol tyrosol); oleacein is the dialdehyde of oleuropein aglycone and carries an extra hydroxyl, making it a catechol related to hydroxytyrosol ^{8Reference 8Lozano-Castellón J et al. · 2020Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oilView study →}. That one hydroxyl group splits their headline activities: oleocanthal is the COX / anti-inflammatory one, oleacein the potent ACE-inhibitor and antioxidant one ^{8Reference 8Lozano-Castellón J et al. · 2020Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oilView study →}.

Both descend from the same parent chemistry as the olive’s bitter glycoside oleuropein — indeed oleacein is essentially the de-glycosylated, dialdehyde relative of oleuropein, while oleocanthal is the corresponding relative of ligstroside ^{8Reference 8Lozano-Castellón J et al. · 2020Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oilView study →}. They co-occur in the same fresh EVOOs, they are measured together as a quality index, and they are frequently studied side by side as “the two secoiridoids of extra-virgin olive oil” ^{6,8Reference 6Karkoula E et al. · 2012Direct measurement of oleocanthal and oleacein levels in olive oil by quantitative ¹H NMRView study →Reference 8Lozano-Castellón J et al. · 2020Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oilView study →}.

What It's Used For

Oleocanthal’s evidence base is unusually lopsided: a famous, well-characterised anti-inflammatory mechanism, a single small human trial of the oil, and an otherwise entirely preclinical spread of anticancer, neuroprotective and joint findings.

Evidence by IndicationStrength of support · Beta

Support is an experimental score — weighted by study type (human > animal > in vitro) and volume. A beta, not a validated metric. Only one row rests on any human data (and that is the oil, not isolated oleocanthal); the rest are preclinical. Read the per-row basis.

01Anti-Inflammatory / COX InhibitionShaky44%Well-defined COX-1/COX-2 inhibition ^{1,5Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →Reference 5Smith AB 3rd et al. · 2005Synthesis and assignment of absolute configuration of (-)-oleocanthal: a potent, naturally occurring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent derived from extra virgin olive oilsView study →}; human data limited to oleocanthal-rich oil ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}

02Cardiometabolic / Anti-PlateletShaky38%One acute human crossover of oleocanthal-rich EVOO on platelet aggregation (n=9) ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}

03Anticancer (Preclinical)Shaky28%In-vitro/in-vivo: lysosomal membrane permeabilization + c-Met inhibition ^{10,11,12Reference 10Elnagar AY et al. · 2011Elnagar AY, et al. (2011). (-)-Oleocanthal as a c-Met inhibitor for the control of metastatic breast and prostate cancers. Planta Medica. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21328179/View study →Reference 11LeGendre O et al. · 2015LeGendre O, et al. (2015). (-)-Oleocanthal rapidly and selectively induces cancer cell death via lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Molecular & Cellular Oncology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26380379/View study →Reference 12Goren L et al. · 2019Goren L, et al. (2019). (-)-Oleocanthal and (-)-oleocanthal-rich olive oils induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cancer cells. PLoS One. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31412041/View study →}

04Neuroprotective / Alzheimer’s LeadsShaky26%Isolate inhibits tau fibrillization; enhances Aβ clearance in mice ^{13,14,15Reference 13Li W et al. · 2009Inhibition of tau fibrillization by oleocanthal via reaction with the amino groups of tauView study →Reference 14Monti MC et al. · 2012Modulation of tau protein fibrillization by oleocanthalView study →Reference 15Abuznait AH et al. · 2013In vitroOlive-oil-derived oleocanthal enhances β-amyloid clearance as a potential neuroprotective mechanism against Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studiesView study →}

05Osteoarthritis / JointShaky22%Preclinical anti-inflammatory action in joint/cartilage models; reviewed ^{17Reference 17Chin KY · 2017Therapeutic effects of olive and its derivatives on osteoarthritis: from bench to bedsideView study →}

Mechanisms

The load-bearing subtlety is the top two rows against the third: the COX inhibition is the famous, well-defined mechanism, but the one human effect measured (platelet inhibition) was COX-independent ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →} — a reminder that the ibuprofen analogy is precise for the enzyme and looser for outcomes.

Pharmacokinetics

Oleocanthal is a reactive dialdehyde, and that instability dominates its pharmacokinetics. In a rat in-situ perfusion study it showed moderate-to-low intestinal absorption (low effective and apparent permeability coefficients) alongside extensive presystemic metabolism — phase I hydration, hydrogenation and hydroxylation, then phase II glucuronidation of the metabolites — so much of an ingested dose is transformed before reaching the systemic circulation ^{18Reference 18López-Yerena A et al. · 2020AnimalAbsorption and intestinal metabolic profile of oleocanthal in ratsView study →}. Robust human pharmacokinetics (Cmax, half-life, absolute bioavailability of the pure compound) are not established; the compound’s chemical fragility, its low levels in oil, and the absence of isolate dosing studies all conspire to leave human exposure poorly characterised. The practical reading is the familiar one for a preclinical natural product: the potent in-vitro concentrations should not be assumed to be reached in tissue after a normal dietary intake of olive oil ^{18Reference 18López-Yerena A et al. · 2020AnimalAbsorption and intestinal metabolic profile of oleocanthal in ratsView study →}.

Clinical Trials

Human evidence is confined to one acute, randomised crossover of oleocanthal-rich extra-virgin olive oil (n=9) on platelet function ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →} — a study of the oil, standardised on phenolic profile, not of the isolate. There are no controlled trials of isolated oleocanthal as a drug.

Last checked: July 2026.

Isolate vs. Plant Studies

Oleocanthal splits cleanly, and not in the usual direction. The isolate carries the mechanism: the COX inhibition ^{1Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →}, the synthetic (-)-enantiomer’s NSAID/antioxidant potency ^{5Reference 5Smith AB 3rd et al. · 2005Synthesis and assignment of absolute configuration of (-)-oleocanthal: a potent, naturally occurring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent derived from extra virgin olive oilsView study →}, the lysosomal cancer-cell killing ^{11Reference 11LeGendre O et al. · 2015LeGendre O, et al. (2015). (-)-Oleocanthal rapidly and selectively induces cancer cell death via lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Molecular & Cellular Oncology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26380379/View study →}, the c-Met inhibition ^{10Reference 10Elnagar AY et al. · 2011Elnagar AY, et al. (2011). (-)-Oleocanthal as a c-Met inhibitor for the control of metastatic breast and prostate cancers. Planta Medica. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21328179/View study →}, the anti-tau and anti-amyloid actions ^{13,15Reference 13Li W et al. · 2009Inhibition of tau fibrillization by oleocanthal via reaction with the amino groups of tauView study →Reference 15Abuznait AH et al. · 2013In vitroOlive-oil-derived oleocanthal enhances β-amyloid clearance as a potential neuroprotective mechanism against Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studiesView study →} — all shown for isolated (or synthesised) oleocanthal in cells and animals. The plant/oil carries the only human evidence: the single acute anti-platelet crossover used oleocanthal-rich EVOO, and even there the measured effect was not COX-mediated and tracked total phenolics as much as oleocanthal ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}, so the whole-oil result cannot be assigned to oleocanthal alone.

The correct framing is therefore a broad preclinical isolate profile plus a single small human oil trial, connected but not identical. No study has dosed pure oleocanthal in humans, and its close co-travellers in the oil — oleacein, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol — plausibly share the credit for any whole-oil benefit ^{8,16Reference 8Lozano-Castellón J et al. · 2020Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oilView study →Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}.

Its Role in Plants

Oleocanthal is not stored ready-made in the intact olive — it is generated when the fruit is crushed. The olive holds the glycoside ligstroside; milling and maceration bring the fruit’s endogenous β-glucosidases into contact with it, cleaving the sugar and releasing ligstroside aglycone, which exists in the reactive dialdehyde form that is oleocanthal ^{4,8Reference 4Andrewes P et al. · 2003Sensory properties of virgin olive oil polyphenols: identification of deacetoxy-ligstroside aglycon as a key contributor to pungencyView study →Reference 8Lozano-Castellón J et al. · 2020Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oilView study →}. The exactly parallel reaction on oleuropein yields oleacein. This is the same enzymatic secoiridoid chemistry that debitters olives and generates hydroxytyrosol — see oleuropein — redirected here toward the pungent dialdehydes.

Functionally, these reactive dialdehyde secoiridoids belong to the olive’s chemical-defence repertoire: like the intensely bitter oleuropein they deter herbivores and inhibit microbes, and the aldehyde reactivity that lets oleocanthal adduct proteins (tau in the lab) is the same reactivity that makes such molecules biologically active deterrents in the plant. Their release specifically on tissue damage — only when the fruit is broken — fits a wound-activated defence rather than a constitutive one.

Prevalence in Nature

Oleocanthal is, for practical purposes, an extra-virgin-olive-oil compound. Quantitative ¹H-NMR across 175 monovarietal Greek and Californian oils found oleocanthal ranging from nondetectable to 355 mg/kg, with the combined oleocanthal-plus-oleacein index reaching up to ~501 mg/kg, and levels strongly tied to early harvest — greener, fresher fruit gives more ^{6Reference 6Karkoula E et al. · 2012Direct measurement of oleocanthal and oleacein levels in olive oil by quantitative ¹H NMRView study →}. Some cultivars reliably yield oil low in both compounds regardless of origin, while robust varieties such as the northern-Italian Bianchera/Belica are notably phenol-rich ^{6,7Reference 6Karkoula E et al. · 2012Direct measurement of oleocanthal and oleacein levels in olive oil by quantitative ¹H NMRView study →Reference 7Starec M et al. · 2021Oleocanthal quantification using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and polyphenols HPLC analysis of olive oil from the Bianchera/Belica cultivarView study →}. That variability is the headline: two bottles labelled “extra-virgin olive oil” can differ enormously in oleocanthal.

Two consequences follow. First, oleocanthal is absent from refined, “pure” or “light” olive oil — the refining that strips colour and flavour also strips the phenolics — and it declines with age, heat and poor storage, so it is a marker of fresh, high-quality EVOO rather than of olive oil in general ^{6,7Reference 6Karkoula E et al. · 2012Direct measurement of oleocanthal and oleacein levels in olive oil by quantitative ¹H NMRView study →Reference 7Starec M et al. · 2021Oleocanthal quantification using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and polyphenols HPLC analysis of olive oil from the Bianchera/Belica cultivarView study →}. Second, it is not meaningfully found outside Olea europaea oil; unlike widely distributed phenolics, this particular dialdehyde is a signature of the olive’s own secoiridoid chemistry.

Discovery & Synthesis

The compound’s identity was assembled in stages. The dialdehydic secoiridoid aglycones of virgin olive oil were first characterised by Montedoro and colleagues in 1993 (a pre-PubMed primary source, consistently cited in the modern literature but not independently verifiable here). In 2003, Andrewes and co-workers identified the “deacetoxy-ligstroside aglycon” as the key contributor to the throat-catching pungency of virgin olive oil — the compound, described by its chemistry, before it had a common name ^{4Reference 4Andrewes P et al. · 2003Sensory properties of virgin olive oil polyphenols: identification of deacetoxy-ligstroside aglycon as a key contributor to pungencyView study →}.

The name and the pharmacology arrived together in 2005, when Beauchamp and colleagues christened it oleocanthal (olive + sting + aldehyde) in Nature and reported its ibuprofen-like COX inhibition ^{1Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →}. That same year, Smith and colleagues reported the first total synthesis and assigned the absolute configuration of the natural (-)-enantiomer, confirming the structure and enabling supply of pure material for pharmacology ^{5Reference 5Smith AB 3rd et al. · 2005Synthesis and assignment of absolute configuration of (-)-oleocanthal: a potent, naturally occurring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent derived from extra virgin olive oilsView study →}.

Manufacture today is by extraction from extra-virgin olive oil or by semi-synthesis from olive secoiridoids; a total synthesis exists ^{5Reference 5Smith AB 3rd et al. · 2005Synthesis and assignment of absolute configuration of (-)-oleocanthal: a potent, naturally occurring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent derived from extra virgin olive oilsView study →}, but there is no bulk commercial production and supply remains research-scale. Its chemical instability as a dialdehyde is part of why it is handled as a specialty research compound rather than a commodity ingredient.

Patents: not yet researched.

Toxicity & Safety

Oleocanthal carries a low toxicity flag. It is a natural constituent of extra-virgin olive oil, a staple food consumed for millennia, and no isolate-specific toxicity signal has emerged; the bioactivity literature is preclinical or acute, and the human oil trial reported no safety concern ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}. The cautions below are pharmacological rather than toxicological.

Safety at a Glance

✅ Low / no toxicity

• Low-toxicity food constituent. A natural phenolic of extra-virgin olive oil with a long dietary history and no isolate toxicity signal.
• Additive anti-platelet effect. Oleocanthal-rich olive oil acutely reduced platelet aggregation in healthy men ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}; concentrated “nutraceutical” doses could compound anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs or bleeding risk around surgery (ordinary dietary olive oil is not a concern).
• Preclinical evidence. The anticancer, Alzheimer’s and broader anti-inflammatory findings are cell and animal data — there are no isolated-oleocanthal human trials, and in-vitro potencies may not be reached from dietary intake.
• The throat sting is the compound, not an allergy. The peppery TRPA1 pungency of fresh EVOO is oleocanthal working as expected, not an adverse reaction.

Pregnancy and lactation are per-herb / per-supplement decisions and are not adjudicated on this molecule page; no dedicated human reproductive-toxicity dataset exists for isolated oleocanthal, and no isolate-specific verdict is issued here.

Dosage

There is no established dose for isolated oleocanthal. The only human data are for oleocanthal-rich extra-virgin olive oil, given acutely at ~40 mL in the anti-platelet crossover ^{16Reference 16Agrawal K et al. · 2017RCTOleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trialView study →}. The most-quoted benchmark is dietary: ~50 g of olive oil per day supplies up to ~9 mg oleocanthal, an inhibitory potency near 10% of the adult ibuprofen dose used for pain relief ^{1Reference 1Beauchamp GK et al. · 2005Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oilView study →}.

These are research and dietary-exposure figures, standardised on the oil rather than the pure compound, and are not a personal recommendation.

References

1. Beauchamp GK, et al. (2005). Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oil. Nature. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16136122/
2. Peyrot des Gachons C, et al. (2011). Unusual pungency from extra-virgin olive oil is attributable to restricted spatial expression of the receptor of oleocanthal. The Journal of Neuroscience. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21248124/
3. Cicerale S, et al. (2009). Sensory characterization of the irritant properties of oleocanthal, a natural anti-inflammatory agent in extra virgin olive oils. Chemical Senses. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19273462/
4. Andrewes P, et al. (2003). Sensory properties of virgin olive oil polyphenols: identification of deacetoxy-ligstroside aglycon as a key contributor to pungency. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590491/
5. Smith AB 3rd, et al. (2005). Synthesis and assignment of absolute configuration of (-)-oleocanthal: a potent, naturally occurring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent derived from extra virgin olive oils. Organic Letters. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16235961/
6. Karkoula E, et al. (2012). Direct measurement of oleocanthal and oleacein levels in olive oil by quantitative ¹H NMR. Establishment of a new index for the characterization of extra virgin olive oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23116297/
7. Starec M, et al. (2021). Oleocanthal quantification using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and polyphenols HPLC analysis of olive oil from the Bianchera/Belica cultivar. Molecules. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33466567/
8. Lozano-Castellón J, et al. (2020). Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oil. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31423808/
9. Parkinson L, Keast R (2014). Oleocanthal, a phenolic derived from virgin olive oil: a review of the beneficial effects on inflammatory disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25019344/
10. Elnagar AY, et al. (2011). (-)-Oleocanthal as a c-Met inhibitor for the control of metastatic breast and prostate cancers. Planta Medica. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21328179/
11. LeGendre O, et al. (2015). (-)-Oleocanthal rapidly and selectively induces cancer cell death via lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Molecular & Cellular Oncology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26380379/
12. Goren L, et al. (2019). (-)-Oleocanthal and (-)-oleocanthal-rich olive oils induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cancer cells. PLoS One. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31412041/
13. Li W, et al. (2009). Inhibition of tau fibrillization by oleocanthal via reaction with the amino groups of tau. Journal of Neurochemistry. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19549281/
14. Monti MC, et al. (2012). Modulation of tau protein fibrillization by oleocanthal. Journal of Natural Products. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22988908/
15. Abuznait AH, et al. (2013). Olive-oil-derived oleocanthal enhances β-amyloid clearance as a potential neuroprotective mechanism against Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studies. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23414128/
16. Agrawal K, et al. (2017). Oleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oil demonstrates acute anti-platelet effects in healthy men in a randomized trial. Journal of Functional Foods. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29904393/
17. Chin KY, Pang KL (2017). Therapeutic effects of olive and its derivatives on osteoarthritis: from bench to bedside. Nutrients. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28954409/
18. López-Yerena A, et al. (2020). Absorption and intestinal metabolic profile of oleocanthal in rats. Pharmaceutics. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033424/

View all 18 references▾