Heart Palpitations

Palpitations occur when the heartbeat becomes noticeable, either because of a change in rate or rhythm or because of heightened awareness of normal beats. Common causes include anxiety and stress, physical exertion, stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine, fever, and hormonal changes. They may also reflect cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation or ectopic beats, or systemic conditions such as anemia, hyperthyroidism, and electrolyte disturbances.

Palpitations are described as a fluttering, pounding, racing, or skipping sensation in the chest, neck, or throat. They may be brief or sustained and can be accompanied by lightheadedness, breathlessness, chest discomfort, or anxiety.

Evaluation focuses on identifying any underlying arrhythmia or systemic cause. An electrocardiogram records the heart rhythm, and ambulatory (Holter) monitoring may capture intermittent episodes. Blood tests can assess thyroid function, electrolytes, and anemia.