Condition
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease causing reversible narrowing of the bronchi and episodes of breathlessness.
Overview
Aetiology
Asthma is driven by chronic inflammation of the airways, which makes them hyperresponsive to a range of triggers. On exposure to a trigger the airway smooth muscle contracts, the lining swells, and excess mucus is produced, narrowing the bronchi and obstructing airflow. Common triggers include allergens, respiratory infections, cold air, exercise, smoke, and air pollution, and there is often an allergic or hereditary component.
Presentation
Symptoms
Asthma typically presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, often worse at night or in the early morning. Symptoms vary in severity and are commonly provoked by exposure to triggers such as allergens, exercise, or cold air. A severe attack can cause marked breathlessness and is a medical emergency.
Assessment
Diagnostic Considerations
- Chest auscultation
- Peak flow monitor testing
- Family history
- Blood tests:
- Arterial blood test
- Chest Xray
Assessment
Differential Diagnosis
Other causes of wheeze and breathlessness should be excluded, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. Heart failure, gastro-esophageal reflux, and upper airway obstruction can also mimic asthma.
The Herbs
Materia Medica (26)
Herbs traditionally or clinically used for asthma.
